Society and Politics

Douglas MacArthur – A Life in Service

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│By Phil Virta, Senior Acquisitions Editor, Gale Primary Sources│

Douglas MacArthur was an American military commander whose career spanned World War I, World War II, and the Korean War. One of the few U.S. military leaders to achieve a five-star rank, MacArthur was described by admirers as heroic and patriotic, while critics considered him to be overly ambitious and narcissistic.

Asia in the Twentieth Century: General MacArthur and War, Occupation, and Reconstruction in the Pacific, 1941-1972 is about more than just MacArthur, but his figure permeates the archive. His leadership shaped the Pacific War, the rebuilding of Japan, the course of the Korean War, and U.S. policy across Asia.

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Queen Victoria: The Unexpected Feminist Icon Explored Through State Papers Online: Nineteenth Century: The State Papers of Queen Victoria and King Edward VII

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│By Rachel Holt, Senior Acquisitions Editor, Gale Primary Sources│

When we think of feminism, names like Harriet Martineau or Mary Wollstonecraft often come to mind—not Queen Victoria. After all, in an 1870 letter to Sir Theodore Martin she called women’s rights activists “mad, wicked folly.”

Her reign from 1837 to 1901 however tells a more nuanced story and although Queen Victoria may not have embraced the women’s suffrage movement, her life and leadership challenged the rigid gender norms of her time, making her an inadvertent feminist icon.

The latest expansion of the extensive State Papers Online programme sees the launch of State Papers Online: Nineteenth Century with its first instalment as the State Papers of Queen Victoria and King Edward VII. Hosting two unique collections from the Royal Archives at Windsor Castle, this resource contains correspondence between the monarchs and their governments, representing Queen Victoria and King Edward VII’s state papers. It enables researchers to explore questions such as these.

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A Right Won, A Civic Duty to Learn: Women’s Civic Education After the Nineteenth Amendment

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│By Kat Weiss, Gale Academic Intern |

In the years leading up to the Nineteenth Amendment and after its ratification in 1920, American women realised that equality did not end with the right to vote. They recognised that they now had a civic duty to their country, to use this newfound right responsibly. With that realisation came a new question: now that women could participate in democracy, how would they learn to practice it?

They did not have access to the same education and resources as their male peers because the system was not built for them; they needed to find new ways to educate themselves and each other. With that in mind, the Nineteenth Amendment opened a new chapter in women’s history, one centred on learning how to exercise civic power. Using primary sources from Gale’s Nineteenth Century Collections Online, we can trace how women across the USA began to define and teach the responsibilities of citizenship.

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El País – El Periódico Global en Español

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│By Phil Virta, Senior Acquisitions Editor, Gale Primary Sources│

¡Bienvenidos a todos! En este artículo aprendemos detalles sobre El País, el periódico global en Español. La palabra “país” se refiere a una nación o territorio que forma una unidad geográfica, política y cultural, con su propio gobierno y leyes.

In English, welcome everyone! In this article we are going to learn about El País, the global Spanish newspaper. The words “el país” mean “the country”, and in this case refer to Spain itself.

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China in Print: Two Centuries of English-Language Reporting, 1827-1974

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│By Lindsay Whitaker-Guest, Associate Editor, Gale Primary Sources│

Gale Primary Sources has recently released its latest addition to the groundbreaking series China and the Modern World. China and the Modern World: The English Language Press in China, 1827-1974 features 25 English-language newspapers and periodicals published over the course of 150 years of immense change and transformation in China.

These newspapers and periodicals played a significant role in the cultural and political life of major Chinese cities, offering critical and diverse reporting on milestone events. In this post I will delve into these newly digitised titles and discuss some of the stories and insights which can be researched through this unique new resource.

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The Making of Marriage Law: Insights from Colonial Kenya

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| By Lindsay Whitaker-Guest, Associate Editor, Gale Primary Sources |

Gale Primary Sources recently released its latest module in the landmark legal history series, The Making of Modern Law. The Making of Modern Law: British Colonial Law: Acts, Ordinances, and Proclamations from the Colonies, 1900-1989 contains legislation from all corners of the British Empire and was digitised from the Colonial Office collections held at the National Archives in the UK.

The legislation in the archive covers all aspects of colonial life in a century which saw British-held territories transformed by war, disease, rebellion, and decolonisation. However, for this post we will examine how the empire governed one fundamental aspect of domestic life: marriage.

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Coming Soon: Global Politics and US Foreign Policy: The Council on Foreign Relations, 1918–2000

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│By Clem Delany, Acquisitions Editor, Gale Primary Sources│

December 2025 will see the launch of a new digital archive, Global Politics and US Foreign Policy: The Council on Foreign Relations, 1918–2000.

This is the digitisation of material from the Studies Department, Records of Groups, and the Records of Meetings of the Council on Foreign Relations, a non-partisan, independent US think tank focused on the international relations of the United States and its role in the world.

This role, and public perceptions of it, has altered greatly throughout the twentieth century, from the isolationist principles of the 1920s and 30s, to the American engagement in WWII and subsequent support in Allied recovery processes, to the Cold War, global anti-communist fears, and the growth of American soft power. In 2025, many of the programs of the United States Agency for International Development (established in 1961 and a key tool of US soft power) were shut down and a new phase of US international relations began.

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Terra Nullius: The Legacy of “The Land of No One”

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│By Oralkhanova Alima, Year 11 Student at Nazarbaev Intellectual School in Semey, Kazakhstan│

In an era when concerns about overpopulation and scarcity of natural resources are rising, it may seem paradoxical that certain areas of land remain unclaimed and unwanted. Even today, when countries continue to engage in territorial disputes and conflicts, there still exist regions that have been ignored by the international community. To describe such territories, early international law introduced a specific term – terra nullius, a Latin expression meaning “the land of no one”. Although this term is no longer officially used, the concept of terra nullius continues to captivate people’s minds.

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In the Footsteps of My Avô: Exploring Angola’s Fight for Independence Through Family History

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|Rosa Ferreira, Digital Product Trainer|

Armando Dias De Castro, my avô – my Portuguese grandfather – was a man full of life. He was warm, funny, always ready with a story or a joke. He was also the kindest man you’d ever meet. But when it comes to his time in Angola, I’ve got nothing. No stories, no memories. If he ever spoke about it, I must have been too small to notice, or the words just never stuck.

My uncle, however, recalls many conversations. That makes me believe my avô must have shared his experiences, at least in fragments, though they slipped past me.

It is this gap – between the grandfather I knew and the silence that lingers – that has drawn me into the archives.

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Uncovering India with Gale Primary Sources

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│By Mickey Mehta Arorra, Digital Product Trainer│

India’s history unfolds across centuries of transformation – colonial rule, the struggle for independence, post-colonial reconstruction, and global diplomacy. Much of this complex narrative has long remained buried in distant or hard-to-reach archives. Now, Gale Primary Sources brings these rich and rare documents into the digital realm, making them accessible to students, educators, and researchers across India.

With collections such as Decolonization: Politics and Independence in Former Colonial and Commonwealth Territories, The Making of Modern Law: Legal Treaties, 1800-1926, and Women’s Studies Archive, learners can dive deep into archival material that brings India’s layered past to life in vivid detail.

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